Khúc family

History of Vietnam

Hồng Bàng dynasty prior to 257 BC Thục dynasty 257–207 BC Triệu dynasty 207–111 BC First Chinese domination 111 BC–39 AD Trưng sisters 40–43 Second Chinese domination 43–544 Early Lý dynasty 544–602 Third Chinese domination 602–905 Autonomy 905–938 Ngô dynasty 939–967 Đinh dynasty 968–980 Early Lê dynasty 980–1009 Lý dynasty 1009–1225 Trần dynasty 1225–1400 Hồ dynasty 1400–1407 Fourth Chinese domination 1407–1427 • Later Trần dynasty 1407–1413 Later Lê dynasty (Early Lê) 1428–1527 Mạc dynasty 1527–1592 Later Lê dynasty (Restored Lê) 1533–1788 • Trịnh Lords 1545–1787 • Nguyễn Lords 1558–1777 Tây Sơn dynasty 1778–1802 Nguyễn dynasty 1802–1945 • French imperialism 1887–1954 Partition 1954–1975 • Democratic Republic (North) 1945–1976 • State of Vietnam (South) 1949–1955 • Republic of Vietnam (South) 1955–1975 Socialist Republic from 1976 Related topics Champa Dynasties 192–1832 List of Vietnamese monarchs Economic history of Vietnam Prehistoric cultures of Vietnam

The Khúc clan (Vietnamese: Họ Khúc) was a succession of leaders who challenged Tang rule over Vietnam. The Tang took control of the northern Vietnamese region of Giao Châu (roughly corresponding to the area of the modern Red River Delta) after 618 and established twelve provinces and 59 districts under the Commonwealth of Annam (Vietnamese: An Nam Đô Hộ Phủ). This control lasted until the 10th century, when Khúc Thừa Dụ launched a rebellion against the Tang in 905. By 906 an autonomous region in Vietnam was established under the Khúc clan in Tống Bình (near modern day Hanoi) in 906.

Contents 1 Preconditions 2 Khúc Thừa Dụ (905—907) 3 Khúc Hạo (907—917) 4 Khúc Thừa Mỹ (917—930) and decline 5 References

Preconditions

Periodical rebellions have uprised in Annam in 828, 841, 858, 860, 880, involving more and more people every time. After every uprising Tang authorities were forced to retreat yo China, and the rebellions were already part of the liberation war. All Chinese attempts to assimilate Vietnamese people have failed.

China have been torn apart by upheaveling dynasties from 874, until 907 when the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period had started. Jiedushi of Annam since 892, brother of marshal Zhou Juanzhong, Zhou Quanyu has failed to rule this land, he asked Tang to call him back. Instead of him brother of ex-first minister Du Sun was appointed as jiedushi. After two months of Du Sun's rule, commoners had started to call him "villain minister".

Khúc Thừa Dụ (905—907)

Soon Du Sun was transfered to Hainan, and Vietnamese took their chance to uprise. Leader of rebels, Khúc Thừa Dụ (曲承裕), was from a noble family of great antiquity^[1]. Tang clan regognized him and titled him, so he formally was one of Tang officials.

Khúc Hạo (907—917)

July 23 of 907 Thua Du died, his son Khúc Hạo became the new jiedushi. This time China was ruled by Later Liang Dynasty, that acnowleged Khuc Hao, but gave title "Jiedushi of Annam" to Guangzhou ruler, to make Vietnamese remember Chinese territory claims.

Hao had handled several reforms, dividing his land to administrative districts lom phu, chiao, diap, xa. He also changed some of the local landlords, changed the taxing system. Tax collecting was flatened, homages were canceled. People loved his rule^[2]

Khuc Hao' rule was also supported by nobles, who could choose between him and separate rule.

Khúc Thừa Mỹ (917—930) and decline

The next jiedushi after Hao was his son Khúc Thừa Mỹ. Chinese Southern Han Dynasty was established in 917, and new Chinese rulers were always willing to annex Vietnam once more. In 13 years Southern Han has sent an army to Annam, led by Li Shouyong and Liang Kezheng. Chinese soldiers captured Thua Mi and Tong Binh was occupied by the army. Li Jin became Annam's ruler.

Although Vietnamese people had not submit new lords. Local rulers, established by Khuc, had more authority then Han people. One of those locals, Duong Dinh Nghe, had summoned a 3000 army that took control on Tong Binh in 931. Southern Han retreated again and Annam got its next ruler, son-in-law of Dinh Nghe, Ngo Quyen from the Ngo Dynasty.

References

• Vietnam
• История Вьетнама. — М.: Наука, 1983 (Russian)

Preceded by Third Chinese domination (History of Vietnam)

Ruler of Vietnam 906–930

Succeeded by Dương Đình Nghệ

Notable families in early independent Vietnam

Colour note   Khúc   Dương   Ngô   Kiều   Đinh   Lê                                                                                                             Khúc Thừa Dụ                                                                                                                       Khúc Hạo                                                                                                               Dương Đình Nghệ   Khúc Thừa Mỹ                                                                                                                                                                                               Ngô Quyền   Queen Dương       Đinh Công Trứ   Dương Tam Kha   Kiều Công Tiễn                                                                                                                                 Ngô Xương Ngập   Ngô Xương Văn         Đinh Tiên Hoàng   Dương Vân Nga   Lê Đại Hành   Kiều Công Chuẩn                                                                                                                                     Ngô Nhật Khánh   Ngô Xương Xí     Đinh Liễn   Đinh Hạng Lang   Đinh Phế Đế                   Kiều Công Hãn                                                                                         Princess Phất Kim                                 Lê Long Việt   Lê Long Đĩnh     Kiều Thuận                                                                           Family tree of Vietnamese monarchs Overall Early independence Lý Dynasty Trần Dynasty